from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
_last_figure = None
import ipywidgets
from IPython.display import display
import IPython
import ipyvolume as ipv
import ipyvolume.embed
import os
import numpy as np
from . import utils
import time
from . import examples
import warnings
import PIL.Image
import traitlets
import uuid
try:
from io import BytesIO as StringIO
except:
from cStringIO import StringIO
import base64
def _docsubst(f):
"""Perform docstring substitutions"""
f.__doc__ = f.__doc__.format(**_doc_snippets)
return f
_seq_sn = "If an (S, N) array, the first dimension will be used for frames in an animation."
_seq_snm = "If an (S, N, M) array, the first dimension will be used for frames in an animation."
_doc_snippets = {}
_doc_snippets[
"color"] = "color for each point/vertex/symbol, can be string format, examples for red:'red', '#f00', '#ff0000' or 'rgb(1,0,0), or rgb array of shape (N, 3 or 4) or (S, N, 3 or 4)"
_doc_snippets[
"color2d"] = "color for each point/vertex string format, examples for red:'red', '#f00', '#ff0000' or 'rgb(1,0,0), or rgb array of shape (2, N, 3 or 4) or (S, 2, N, 3 or 4)"
_doc_snippets[
"size"] = "float representing the size of the glyph in percentage of the viewport, where 100 is the full size of the viewport"
_doc_snippets["marker"] = "name of the marker, options are: 'arrow', 'box', 'diamond', 'sphere', 'point_2d', 'square_2d', 'triangle_2d', 'circle_2d'"
_doc_snippets["x"] = "numpy array of shape (N,) or (S, N) with x positions. {}".format(_seq_sn)
_doc_snippets["y"] = "idem for y"
_doc_snippets["z"] = "idem for z"
_doc_snippets["u_dir"] = "numpy array of shape (N,) or (S, N) indicating the x component of a vector. {}".format(_seq_sn)
_doc_snippets["v_dir"] = "idem for y"
_doc_snippets["w_dir"] = "idem for z"
_doc_snippets["u"] = "numpy array of shape (N,) or (S, N) indicating the u (x) coordinate for the texture. {}".format(_seq_sn)
_doc_snippets["v"] = "numpy array of shape (N,) or (S, N) indicating the v (y) coordinate for the texture. {}".format(_seq_sn)
_doc_snippets["x2d"] = "numpy array of shape (N,M) or (S, N, M) with x positions. {}".format(_seq_snm)
_doc_snippets["y2d"] = "idem for y"
_doc_snippets["z2d"] = "idem for z"
_doc_snippets["texture"] = "PIL.Image object or ipywebrtc.MediaStream (can be a seqence)"
class current:
figure = None
container = None
figures = {}
containers = {}
[docs]def clear():
"""Remove current figure (and container)"""
current.container = None
current.figure = None
def controls_light(return_widget=False):
fig = gcf()
ambient_coefficient = ipywidgets.FloatSlider(min=0, max=1, step=0.001, value=fig.ambient_coefficient,
description="ambient")
diffuse_coefficient = ipywidgets.FloatSlider(min=0, max=1, step=0.001, value=fig.diffuse_coefficient,
description="diffuse")
specular_coefficient = ipywidgets.FloatSlider(min=0, max=1, step=0.001, value=fig.specular_coefficient,
description="specular")
specular_exponent = ipywidgets.FloatSlider(min=0, max=10, step=0.001, value=fig.specular_exponent,
description="specular exp")
ipywidgets.jslink((fig, 'ambient_coefficient'), (ambient_coefficient, 'value'))
ipywidgets.jslink((fig, 'diffuse_coefficient'), (diffuse_coefficient, 'value'))
ipywidgets.jslink((fig, 'specular_coefficient'), (specular_coefficient, 'value'))
ipywidgets.jslink((fig, 'specular_exponent'), (specular_exponent, 'value'))
widgets_bottom = [ipywidgets.HBox([ambient_coefficient, diffuse_coefficient]),
ipywidgets.HBox([specular_coefficient, specular_exponent])]
current.container.children += tuple(widgets_bottom, )
if return_widget: return widgets_bottom
[docs]def gcf():
"""Get current figure, or create a new one
:return: :any:`Figure`
"""
if current.figure is None:
return figure()
else:
return current.figure
def _grow_limit(limits, values):
if isinstance(values, (tuple, list)) and len(values) == 2:
newvmin, newvmax = values
else:
try:
values[0] # test if scalar
except TypeError:
newvmin = values
newvmax = values
else:
finites = np.isfinite(values)
newvmin = np.min(values[finites])
newvmax = np.max(values[finites])
if limits is None:
return newvmin, newvmax
else:
vmin, vmax = limits
return min(newvmin, vmin), max(newvmax, vmax)
def _grow_limits(x, y, z):
fig = gcf()
xlim(*_grow_limit(fig.xlim, x))
ylim(*_grow_limit(fig.ylim, y))
zlim(*_grow_limit(fig.zlim, z))
[docs]def xlim(xmin, xmax):
"""Set limits of x axis"""
fig = gcf()
fig.xlim = [xmin, xmax]
[docs]def ylim(ymin, ymax):
"""Set limits of y axis"""
fig = gcf()
fig.ylim = [ymin, ymax]
[docs]def zlim(zmin, zmax):
"""Set limits of zaxis"""
fig = gcf()
fig.zlim = [zmin, zmax]
[docs]def xyzlim(vmin, vmax=None):
"""Set limits or all axis the same, if vmax not given, use [-vmin, vmax]"""
if vmax is None:
vmin, vmax = -vmin, vmin
xlim(vmin, vmax)
ylim(vmin, vmax)
zlim(vmin, vmax)
def squarelim():
"""Sets all axes with equal aspect ratio, such that the space is 'square'"""
fig = gcf()
xmin, xmax = fig.xlim
ymin, ymax = fig.ylim
zmin, zmax = fig.zlim
width = max([abs(xmax - xmin), abs(ymax - ymin), abs(zmax - zmin)])
xc = (xmin + xmax) / 2
yc = (ymin + ymax) / 2
zc = (zmin + zmax) / 2
xlim(xc - width / 2, xc + width / 2)
ylim(yc - width / 2, yc + width / 2)
zlim(zc - width / 2, zc + width / 2)
default_color = "red"
default_color_selected = "white"
default_size = 2
default_size_selected = default_size * 1.3
[docs]@_docsubst
def plot_trisurf(x, y, z, triangles=None, lines=None, color=default_color, u=None, v=None, texture=None):
"""Draws a polygon/triangle mesh defined by a coordinate and triangle indices
The following example plots a rectangle in the z==2 plane, consisting of 2 triangles:
>>> plot_trisurf([0, 0, 3., 3.], [0, 4., 0, 4.], 2,
triangles=[[0, 2, 3], [0, 3, 1]])
Note that the z value is constant, and thus not a list/array. For guidance, the triangles
refer to the vertices in this manner::
^ ydir
|
2 3
0 1 ---> x dir
Note that if you want per face/triangle colors, you need to duplicate each vertex.
:param x: {x}
:param y: {y}
:param z: {z}
:param triangles: numpy array with indices referring to the vertices, defining the triangles, with shape (M, 3)
:param lines: numpy array with indices referring to the vertices, defining the lines, with shape (K, 2)
:param color: {color}
:param u: {u}
:param v: {v}
:param texture: {texture}
:return: :any:`Mesh`
"""
fig = gcf()
if triangles is not None:
triangles = np.array(triangles).astype(dtype=np.uint32)
if lines is not None:
lines = np.array(lines).astype(dtype=np.uint32)
mesh = ipv.Mesh(x=x, y=y, z=z, triangles=triangles, lines=lines, color=color, u=u, v=v, texture=texture)
_grow_limits(np.array(x).reshape(-1), np.array(y).reshape(-1), np.array(z).reshape(-1))
fig.meshes = fig.meshes + [mesh]
return mesh
[docs]@_docsubst
def plot_surface(x, y, z, color=default_color, wrapx=False, wrapy=False):
"""Draws a 2d surface in 3d, defined by the 2d ordered arrays x,y,z
:param x: {x2d}
:param y: {y2d}
:param z: {z2d}
:param color: {color2d}
:param bool wrapx: when True, the x direction is assumed to wrap, and polygons are drawn between the end end begin points
:param bool wrapy: simular for the y coordinate
:return: :any:`Mesh`
"""
return plot_mesh(x, y, z, color=color, wrapx=wrapx, wrapy=wrapy, wireframe=False)
[docs]@_docsubst
def plot_wireframe(x, y, z, color=default_color, wrapx=False, wrapy=False):
"""Draws a 2d wireframe in 3d, defines by the 2d ordered arrays x,y,z
See also :any:`ipyvolume.pylab.plot_mesh`
:param x: {x2d}
:param y: {y2d}
:param z: {z2d}
:param color: {color2d}
:param bool wrapx: when True, the x direction is assumed to wrap, and polygons are drawn between the begin and end points
:param bool wrapy: idem for y
:return: :any:`Mesh`
"""
return plot_mesh(x, y, z, color=color, wrapx=wrapx, wrapy=wrapy, wireframe=True, surface=False)
[docs]def plot_mesh(x, y, z, color=default_color, wireframe=True, surface=True, wrapx=False, wrapy=False, u=None, v=None,
texture=None):
"""Draws a 2d wireframe+surface in 3d: generalization of :any:`plot_wireframe` and :any:`plot_surface`
:param x: {x2d}
:param y: {y2d}
:param z: {z2d}
:param color: {color2d}
:param bool wireframe: draw lines between the vertices
:param bool surface: draw faces/triangles between the vertices
:param bool wrapx: when True, the x direction is assumed to wrap, and polygons are drawn between the begin and end points
:param boool wrapy: idem for y
:param u: {u}
:param v: {v}
:param texture: {texture}
:return: :any:`Mesh`
"""
fig = gcf()
# assert len(x.shape) == 2
# assert len(y.shape) == 2
# assert len(z.shape) == 2
# if isinstance(color, np.ndarray):
# assert len(color.shape) == 3
# assert color.shape[:2] == x.shape
# color = color.reshape(-1)
def dim(x):
d = 0
el = x
while True:
try:
el = el[0]
d += 1
except:
break
return d
if dim(x) == 2:
nx, ny = shape = x.shape
else:
nx, ny = shape = x[0].shape
# assert len(x.shape) == 2, "Array x must be 2 dimensional."
# assert len(y.shape) == 2, "Array y must be 2 dimensional."
# assert len(z.shape) == 2, "Array z must be 2 dimensional."
# assert x.shape == y.shape, "Arrays x and y must have same shape."
# assert y.shape == z.shape, "Arrays y and z must have same shape."
# convert x, y, z from shape (nx, ny) to (nx * ny) or
# (frame, nx, ny) to (frame, nx*ny)
def reshape(ar):
if dim(ar) == 3:
return [k.reshape(-1) for k in ar]
else:
return ar.reshape(-1)
x = reshape(x)
y = reshape(y)
z = reshape(z)
# similar for texture coordinates
if u is not None:
u = reshape(u)
if v is not None:
v = reshape(v)
# convert color from shape (nx, ny, {3,4}) to (nx * ny, {3, 4}) or
# (frame, nx, ny, {3,4}) to (frame, nx*ny, {3,4})
def reshape_color(ar):
if dim(ar) == 4:
return [k.reshape(-1, k.shape[-1]) for k in ar]
else:
return ar.reshape(-1, ar.shape[-1])
if isinstance(color, np.ndarray):
color = reshape_color(color)
_grow_limits(np.array(x).reshape(-1), np.array(y).reshape(-1), np.array(z).reshape(-1))
triangles, lines = _make_triangles_lines((nx,ny) ,wrapx,wrapy)
mesh = ipv.Mesh(x=x, y=y, z=z, triangles=triangles if surface else None, color=color,
lines=lines if wireframe else None,
u=u, v=v, texture=texture)
fig.meshes = fig.meshes + [mesh]
return mesh
[docs]@_docsubst
def plot(x, y, z, color=default_color, **kwargs):
"""Plot a line in 3d
:param x: {x}
:param y: {y}
:param z: {z}
:param color: {color}
:param kwargs: extra arguments passed to the Scatter constructor
:return: :any:`Scatter`
"""
fig = gcf()
_grow_limits(x, y, z)
defaults = dict(visible_lines=True, color_selected=None, size_selected=1,
size=1, connected=True, visible_markers=False)
kwargs = dict(defaults, **kwargs)
s = ipv.Scatter(x=x, y=y, z=z, color=color, **kwargs)
s.material.visible = False
fig.scatters = fig.scatters + [s]
return s
[docs]@_docsubst
def scatter(x, y, z, color=default_color, size=default_size,
size_selected=default_size_selected,
color_selected=default_color_selected, marker="diamond",
selection=None, grow_limits=True, **kwargs):
"""Plots many markers/symbols in 3d
:param x: {x}
:param y: {y}
:param z: {z}
:param color: {color}
:param size: {size}
:param size_selected: like size, but for selected glyphs
:param color_selected: like color, but for selected glyphs
:param marker: {marker}
:param selection: numpy array of shape (N,) or (S, N) with indices of x,y,z arrays of the selected markers, which can have a different size and color
:param kwargs:
:return: :any:`Scatter`
"""
fig = gcf()
if grow_limits:
_grow_limits(x, y, z)
s = ipv.Scatter(x=x, y=y, z=z, color=color, size=size,
color_selected=color_selected, size_selected=size_selected,
geo=marker, selection=selection, **kwargs)
fig.scatters = fig.scatters + [s]
return s
[docs]@_docsubst
def quiver(x, y, z, u, v, w, size=default_size * 10,
size_selected=default_size_selected * 10, color=default_color,
color_selected=default_color_selected, marker="arrow", **kwargs):
"""Create a quiver plot, which is like a scatter plot but with arrows pointing in the direction given by u, v and w
:param x: {x}
:param y: {y}
:param z: {z}
:param u: {u_dir}
:param v: {v_dir}
:param w: {w_dir}
:param size: {size}
:param size_selected: like size, but for selected glyphs
:param color: {color}
:param color_selected: like color, but for selected glyphs
:param marker: (currently only 'arrow' would make sense)
:param kwargs: extra arguments passed on to the Scatter constructor
:return: :any:`Scatter`
"""
fig = gcf()
_grow_limits(x, y, z)
if 'vx' in kwargs or 'vy' in kwargs or 'vz' in kwargs:
raise KeyError('Please use u, v, w instead of vx, vy, vz')
s = ipv.Scatter(x=x, y=y, z=z, vx=u, vy=v, vz=w, color=color, size=size,
color_selected=color_selected, size_selected=size_selected,
geo=marker, **kwargs)
fig.scatters = fig.scatters + [s]
return s
[docs]def show(extra_widgets=[]):
"""Display (like in IPython.display.dispay(...)) the current figure"""
gcf() # make sure we have something..
display(gcc())
for widget in extra_widgets:
display(widget)
def animate_glyphs(*args, **kwargs):
"""Deprecated: please use animation_control"""
warnings.warn("Please use animation_control(...)", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
animation_control(*args, **kwargs)
[docs]def animation_control(object, sequence_length=None, add=True, interval=200):
"""Animate scatter, quiver or mesh by adding a slider and play button.
:param object: :any:`Scatter` or :any:`Mesh` object (having an sequence_index property), or a list of these to control multiple.
:param sequence_length: If sequence_length is None we try try our best to figure out, in case we do it badly,
you can tell us what it should be. Should be equal to the S in the shape of the numpy arrays as for instance documented
in :any:`scatter` or :any:`plot_mesh`.
:param add: if True, add the widgets to the container, else return a HBox with the slider and play button. Useful when you
want to customise the layout of the widgets yourself.
:param interval: interval in msec between each frame
:return: If add is False, if returns the ipywidgets.HBox object containing the controls
"""
if isinstance(object, (list, tuple)):
objects = object
else:
objects = [object]
del object
if sequence_length is None:
# get all non-None arrays
sequence_lengths = []
for object in objects:
sequence_lengths_previous = list(sequence_lengths)
values = [getattr(object, name) for name in "x y z vx vy vz".split() if hasattr(object, name)]
values = [k for k in values if k is not None]
# sort them such that the higest dim is first
values.sort(key=lambda key: -len(key.shape))
try:
sequence_length = values[0].shape[0] # assume this defines the sequence length
if isinstance(object, ipv.Mesh): # for a mesh, it does not make sense to have less than 1 dimension
if len(values[0].shape) >= 2: # if just 1d, it is most likely not an animation
sequence_lengths.append(sequence_length)
else:
sequence_lengths.append(sequence_length)
except IndexError: # scalars get ignored
pass
if hasattr(object, 'color'):
color = object.color
if color is not None:
shape = color.shape
if len(shape) == 3: # would be the case for for (frame, point_index, color_index)
sequence_lengths.append(shape[0])
# TODO: maybe support arrays of string type of form (frame, point_index)
if len(sequence_lengths) == len(sequence_lengths_previous):
raise ValueError('no frame dimension found for object: {}'.format(object))
sequence_length = max(sequence_lengths)
fig = gcf()
fig.animation = interval
fig.animation_exponent = 1.
play = ipywidgets.Play(min=0, max=sequence_length - 1, interval=interval, value=0, step=1)
slider = ipywidgets.FloatSlider(min=0, max=play.max, step=1)
ipywidgets.jslink((play, 'value'), (slider, 'value'))
for object in objects:
ipywidgets.jslink((slider, 'value'), (object, 'sequence_index'))
control = ipywidgets.HBox([play, slider])
if add:
current.container.children += (control,)
else:
return control
[docs]def gcc():
"""Return the current container, that is the widget holding the figure and all the control widgets, buttons etc."""
gcf() # make sure we have something..
return current.container
[docs]def transfer_function(level=[0.1, 0.5, 0.9], opacity=[0.01, 0.05, 0.1], level_width=0.1, controls=True, max_opacity=0.2):
"""Create a transfer function, see volshow"""
tf_kwargs = {}
# level, opacity and widths can be scalars
try:
level[0]
except:
level = [level]
try:
opacity[0]
except:
opacity = [opacity] * 3
try:
level_width[0]
except:
level_width = [level_width] * 3
# clip off lists
min_length = min(len(level), len(level_width), len(opacity))
level = list(level[:min_length])
opacity = list(opacity[:min_length])
level_width = list(level_width[:min_length])
# append with zeros
while len(level) < 3:
level.append(0)
while len(opacity) < 3:
opacity.append(0)
while len(level_width) < 3:
level_width.append(0)
for i in range(1, 4):
tf_kwargs["level" + str(i)] = level[i - 1]
tf_kwargs["opacity" + str(i)] = opacity[i - 1]
tf_kwargs["width" + str(i)] = level_width[i - 1]
tf = ipv.TransferFunctionWidgetJs3(**tf_kwargs)
fig = gcf()
if controls:
current.container.children = (tf.control(max_opacity=max_opacity),) + current.container.children
return tf
[docs]def plot_isosurface(data, level=None, color=default_color, wireframe=True, surface=True, controls=True, extent=None):
"""Plot a surface at constant value (like a 2d contour)
:param data: 3d numpy array
:param float level: value where the surface should lie
:param color: color of the surface, although it can be an array, the length is difficult to predict beforehand,
if per vertex color are needed, it is better to set them on the returned mesh afterwards.
:param bool wireframe: draw lines between the vertices
:param bool surface: draw faces/triangles between the vertices
:param bool controls: add controls to change the isosurface
:param extent: list of [[xmin, xmax], [ymin, ymax], [zmin, zmax]] values that define the bounding box of the mesh, otherwise the viewport is used
:return: :any:`Mesh`
"""
from skimage import measure
if level is None:
level = np.median(data)
if hasattr(measure, 'marching_cubes_lewiner'):
values = measure.marching_cubes_lewiner(data, level)
else:
values = measure.marching_cubes(data, level)
verts, triangles = values[:2] # version 0.13 returns 4 values, normals, values
# in the future we may want to support normals and the values (with colormap)
# and require skimage >= 0.13
x, y, z = verts.T
# Rescale coordinates to given limits
if extent:
xlim, ylim, zlim = extent
x = x * np.diff(xlim)/(data.shape[0]-1) + xlim[0]
y = y * np.diff(ylim)/(data.shape[1]-1) + ylim[0]
z = z * np.diff(zlim)/(data.shape[2]-1) + zlim[0]
_grow_limits(*extent)
mesh = plot_trisurf(x, y, z, triangles=triangles, color=color)
if controls:
vmin, vmax = np.percentile(data, 1), np.percentile(data, 99)
step = (vmax - vmin)/250
level_slider = ipywidgets.FloatSlider(value=level, min=vmin, max=vmax, step=step, icon='eye')
recompute_button = ipywidgets.Button(description='update')
controls = ipywidgets.HBox(children=[level_slider, recompute_button])
current.container.children += (controls,)
def recompute(*_ignore):
level = level_slider.value
recompute_button.description = "updating..."
if hasattr(measure, 'marching_cubes_lewiner'):
values = measure.marching_cubes_lewiner(data, level)
else:
values = measure.marching_cubes(data, level)
verts, triangles = values[:2] # version 0.13 returns 4 values, normals, values
# in the future we may want to support normals and the values (with colormap)
# and require skimage >= 0.13
x, y, z = verts.T
with mesh.hold_sync():
mesh.x = x
mesh.y = y
mesh.z = z
mesh.triangles = triangles.astype(dtype=np.uint32)
recompute_button.description = "update"
recompute_button.on_click(recompute)
return mesh
[docs]def volshow(data, lighting=False, data_min=None, data_max=None,
max_shape=256, tf=None, stereo=False,
ambient_coefficient=0.5, diffuse_coefficient=0.8,
specular_coefficient=0.5, specular_exponent=5,
downscale=1,
level=[0.1, 0.5, 0.9], opacity=[0.01, 0.05, 0.1], level_width=0.1,
controls=True, max_opacity=0.2, memorder='C', extent=None):
"""Visualize a 3d array using volume rendering.
Currently only 1 volume can be rendered.
:param data: 3d numpy array
:param origin: origin of the volume data, this is to match meshes which have a different origin
:param domain_size: domain size is the size of the volume
:param bool lighting: use lighting or not, if set to false, lighting parameters will be overriden
:param float data_min: minimum value to consider for data, if None, computed using np.nanmin
:param float data_max: maximum value to consider for data, if None, computed using np.nanmax
:parap int max_shape: maximum shape for the 3d cube, if larger, the data is reduced by skipping/slicing (data[::N]), set to None to disable.
:param tf: transfer function (or a default one)
:param bool stereo: stereo view for virtual reality (cardboard and similar VR head mount)
:param ambient_coefficient: lighting parameter
:param diffuse_coefficient: lighting parameter
:param specular_coefficient: lighting parameter
:param specular_exponent: lighting parameter
:param float downscale: downscale the rendering for better performance, for instance when set to 2, a 512x512 canvas will show a 256x256 rendering upscaled, but it will render twice as fast.
:param level: level(s) for the where the opacity in the volume peaks, maximum sequence of length 3
:param opacity: opacity(ies) for each level, scalar or sequence of max length 3
:param level_width: width of the (gaussian) bumps where the opacity peaks, scalar or sequence of max length 3
:param bool controls: add controls for lighting and transfer function or not
:param float max_opacity: maximum opacity for transfer function controls
:param extent: list of [[xmin, xmax], [ymin, ymax], [zmin, zmax]] values that define the bounds of the volume, otherwise the viewport is used
:return:
"""
fig = gcf()
if tf is None:
tf = transfer_function(level, opacity, level_width, controls=controls, max_opacity=max_opacity)
if data_min is None:
data_min = np.nanmin(data)
if data_max is None:
data_max = np.nanmax(data)
if memorder is 'F':
data = data.T
if extent is None:
extent = [(0, k) for k in data.shape[::-1]]
if extent:
_grow_limits(*extent)
vol = ipv.Volume(data_original = data,
tf=tf,
data_min = data_min,
data_max = data_max,
show_min = data_min,
show_max = data_max,
extent_original = extent,
data_max_shape = max_shape,
ambient_coefficient = ambient_coefficient,
diffuse_coefficient = diffuse_coefficient,
specular_coefficient = specular_coefficient,
specular_exponent = specular_exponent,
rendering_lighting = lighting)
vol._listen_to(fig)
if controls:
widget_opacity_scale = ipywidgets.FloatLogSlider(base=10, min=-2, max=2,
description="opacity")
widget_brightness = ipywidgets.FloatLogSlider(base=10, min=-1, max=1,
description="brightness")
ipywidgets.jslink((vol, 'opacity_scale'), (widget_opacity_scale, 'value'))
ipywidgets.jslink((vol, 'brightness'), (widget_brightness, 'value'))
widgets_bottom = [ipywidgets.HBox([widget_opacity_scale, widget_brightness])]
current.container.children += tuple(widgets_bottom, )
fig.volumes = fig.volumes + [vol]
return vol
[docs]def save(filepath, makedirs=True, title=u'IPyVolume Widget', all_states=False,
offline=False, scripts_path='js',
drop_defaults=False, template_options=(("extra_script_head", ""), ("body_pre", ""), ("body_post", "")),
devmode=False, offline_cors=False):
"""Save the current container to a HTML file
By default the HTML file is not standalone and requires an internet connection to fetch a few javascript
libraries. Use offline=True to download these and make the HTML file work without an internet connection.
:param str filepath: The file to write the HTML output to.
:param bool makedirs: whether to make directories in the filename path, if they do not already exist
:param str title: title for the html page
:param bool all_states: if True, the state of all widgets know to the widget manager is included, else only those in widgets
:param bool offline: if True, use local urls for required js/css packages and download all js/css required packages
(if not already available), such that the html can be viewed with no internet connection
:param str scripts_path: the folder to save required js/css packages to (relative to the filepath)
:param bool drop_defaults: Whether to drop default values from the widget states
:param template_options: list or dict of additional template options
:param bool devmode: if True, attempt to get index.js from local js/dist folder
:param bool offline_cors: if True, sets crossorigin attribute of script tags to anonymous
"""
ipyvolume.embed.embed_html(filepath, current.container, makedirs=makedirs, title=title, all_states=all_states,
offline=offline, scripts_path=scripts_path,
drop_defaults=drop_defaults, template_options=template_options, devmode=devmode,
offline_cors=offline_cors)
def _change_azimuth_angle(fig, frame, fraction):
with fig:
view(azimuth=fraction*360)
[docs]def movie(f="movie.mp4", function=_change_azimuth_angle, fps=30, frames=30, endpoint=False, \
cmd_template_ffmpeg="ffmpeg -y -r {fps} -i {tempdir}/frame-%5d.png -vcodec h264 -pix_fmt yuv420p {filename}",
cmd_template_gif="convert -delay {delay} {loop} {tempdir}/frame-*.png {filename}",
gif_loop=0):
"""Create a movie (mp4/gif) out of many frames
If the filename ends in `.gif`, `convert` is used to convert all frames to an animated gif using the `cmd_template_gif`
template. Otherwise `ffmpeg is assumed to know the file format`.
Example:
>>> def set_angles(fig, i, fraction):
>>> fig.angley = fraction*np.pi*2
>>> # 4 second movie, that rotates around the y axis
>>> p3.movie('test2.gif', set_angles, fps=20, frames=20*4,
endpoint=False)
Note that in the example above we use `endpoint=False` to avoid to first and last frame to be the same
:param str f: filename out output movie (e.g. 'movie.mp4' or 'movie.gif')
:param function: function called before each frame with arguments (figure, framenr, fraction)
:param fps: frames per seconds
:param int frames: total number of frames
:param bool endpoint: if fraction goes from [0, 1] (inclusive) or [0, 1) (endpoint=False is useful for loops/rotatations)
:param str cmd_template_ffmpeg: template command when running ffmpeg (non-gif ending filenames)
:param str cmd_template_gif: template command when running imagemagick's convert (if filename ends in .gif)
:param gif_loop: None for no loop, otherwise the framenumber to go to after the last frame
:return: the temp dir where the frames are stored
"""
movie_filename = f
import tempfile
tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
output = ipywidgets.Output()
display(output)
fig = gcf()
for i in range(frames):
with output:
fraction = i / (frames - 1. if endpoint else frames)
function(fig, i, fraction)
frame_filename = os.path.join(tempdir, "frame-%05d.png" % i)
savefig(frame_filename, output_widget=output)
with output:
if movie_filename.endswith(".gif"):
if gif_loop is None:
loop = ""
else:
loop = "-loop %d" % gif_loop
delay = 100 / fps
cmd = cmd_template_gif.format(delay=delay, loop=loop, tempdir=tempdir, filename=movie_filename)
else:
cmd = cmd_template_ffmpeg.format(fps=fps, tempdir=tempdir, filename=movie_filename)
print(cmd)
os.system(cmd)
return tempdir
def _screenshot_data(timeout_seconds=10, output_widget=None, format="png", width=None, height=None, fig=None, headless=False, devmode=False):
if fig is None:
fig = gcf()
else:
assert isinstance(fig, ipv.Figure)
if headless:
from . import headless
import tempfile
tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
tempfile = os.path.join(tempdir, 'headless.html')
save(tempfile, offline=False, scripts_path=tempdir, devmode=devmode)
data = headless._screenshot_data("file://" + tempfile)
if data is None:
raise ValueError('Error capturing data from headless browser')
else:
if output_widget is None:
output_widget = ipywidgets.Output()
display(output_widget)
# use lists to avoid globals
done = [False]
data = [None]
def screenshot_handler(image_data):
with output_widget:
# print("data")
# print(data)
done[0] = True
data[0] = image_data
fig.on_screenshot(screenshot_handler)
try:
fig.screenshot(width=width, height=height,mime_type="image/"+format)
t0 = time.time()
timeout = False
ipython = IPython.get_ipython()
while (not done[0]) and not timeout:
ipython.kernel.do_one_iteration()
with output_widget:
time.sleep(0.05)
timeout = (time.time() - t0) > timeout_seconds
with output_widget:
if timeout and not done[0]:
raise ValueError("timed out, no image data returned")
finally:
with output_widget:
fig.on_screenshot(screenshot_handler, remove=True)
data = data[0]
data = data[data.find(",") + 1:]
return base64.b64decode(data)
[docs]def screenshot(width=None, height=None, format="png", fig=None, timeout_seconds=10, output_widget=None, headless=False, devmode=False):
"""Save the figure to a PIL.Image object.
:param int width: the width of the image in pixels
:param int height: the height of the image in pixels
:param format: format of output data (png, jpeg or svg)
:type fig: ipyvolume.widgets.Figure or None
:param fig: if None use the current figure
:type timeout_seconds: int
:param timeout_seconds: maximum time to wait for image data to return
:type output_widget: ipywidgets.Output
:param output_widget: a widget to use as a context manager for capturing the data
:param bool headless: if True, use headless chrome to take screenshot
:param bool devmode: if True, attempt to get index.js from local js/dist folder
:return: PIL.Image
"""
assert format in ['png','jpeg','svg'], "image format must be png, jpeg or svg"
data = _screenshot_data(timeout_seconds=timeout_seconds, output_widget=output_widget,
format=format, width=width, height=height, fig=fig, headless=headless, devmode=devmode)
f = StringIO(data)
return PIL.Image.open(f)
[docs]def savefig(filename, width=None, height=None, fig=None, timeout_seconds=10, output_widget=None, headless=False, devmode=False):
"""Save the figure to an image file.
:param str filename: must have extension .png, .jpeg or .svg
:param int width: the width of the image in pixels
:param int height: the height of the image in pixels
:type fig: ipyvolume.widgets.Figure or None
:param fig: if None use the current figure
:param float timeout_seconds: maximum time to wait for image data to return
:param ipywidgets.Output output_widget: a widget to use as a context manager for capturing the data
:param bool headless: if True, use headless chrome to save figure
:param bool devmode: if True, attempt to get index.js from local js/dist folder
"""
__, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
format = ext[1:]
assert format in ['png','jpeg','svg'], "image format must be png, jpeg or svg"
with open(filename, "wb") as f:
f.write(_screenshot_data(timeout_seconds=timeout_seconds, output_widget=output_widget,
format=format, width=width, height=height, fig=fig, headless=headless, devmode=devmode))
[docs]def xlabel(label):
"""Set the labels for the x-axis"""
fig = gcf()
fig.xlabel = label
[docs]def ylabel(label):
"""Set the labels for the y-axis"""
fig = gcf()
fig.ylabel = label
[docs]def zlabel(label):
"""Set the labels for the z-axis"""
fig = gcf()
fig.zlabel = label
[docs]def xyzlabel(labelx, labely, labelz):
"""Set all labels at once"""
xlabel(labelx)
ylabel(labely)
zlabel(labelz)
[docs]def view(azimuth=None, elevation=None, distance=None):
"""Sets camera angles and distance and returns the current.
:param float azimuth: rotation around the axis pointing up in degrees
:param float elevation: rotation where +90 means 'up', -90 means 'down', in degrees
:param float distance: radial distance from the center to the camera.
"""
fig = gcf()
# first calculate the current values
x, y, z = fig.camera.position
r = np.sqrt(x**2 + y**2 + z**2)
az = np.degrees(np.arctan2(x, z))
el = np.degrees(np.arcsin(y/r))
if azimuth is None:
azimuth = az
if elevation is None:
elevation = el
if distance is None:
distance = r
cosaz = np.cos(np.radians(azimuth))
sinaz = np.sin(np.radians(azimuth))
sine = np.sin(np.radians(elevation))
cose = np.cos(np.radians(elevation))
fig.camera.position = (distance*sinaz*cose, distance*sine, distance*cosaz*cose)
return azimuth, elevation, distance
# mimic matplotlib namesace
[docs]class style:
"""'Static class that mimics a matplotlib module.
Example:
>>> import ipyvolume.pylab as p3
>>> p3.style.use('light'])
>>> p3.style.use('seaborn-darkgrid'])
>>> p3.style.use(['seaborn-darkgrid', {'axes.x.color':'orange'}])
Possible style values:
* figure.facecolor: background color
* axes.color: color of the box around the volume/viewport
* xaxis.color: color of xaxis
* yaxis.color: color of xaxis
* zaxis.color: color of xaxis
"""
[docs] @staticmethod
def use(style):
"""Set the style of the current figure/visualization
:param style: matplotlib style name, or dict with values, or a sequence of these, where the last value overrides previous
:return:
"""
import six
def valid(value): # checks if json'able
return isinstance(value, six.string_types)
def translate(mplstyle):
style = {}
mapping = [
['figure.facecolor', 'background-color'],
['xtick.color', 'axes.x.color'], # TODO: is this the right thing?
['xtick.color', 'axes.z.color'], # map x to z as well
['ytick.color', 'axes.y.color'],
['axes.labelcolor', 'axes.label.color'],
['text.color', 'color'],
['axes.edgecolor', 'axes.color']
]
for from_name, to_name in mapping:
if from_name in mplstyle:
value = mplstyle[from_name]
if "color" in from_name:
try: # threejs doesn't like a color like '.13', so try to convert to proper format
value = float(value) * 255
value = "rgb(%d, %d, %d)" % (value, value, value)
except:
pass
utils.nested_setitem(style, to_name, value)
return style
if isinstance(style, six.string_types + (dict,)):
styles = [style]
else:
styles = style
fig = gcf()
totalstyle = utils.dict_deep_update({}, fig.style)
for style in styles:
if isinstance(style, six.string_types):
if hasattr(ipyvolume.styles, style):
style = getattr(ipyvolume.styles, style)
else:
# lets see if we can copy matplotlib's style
# we assume now it's a matplotlib style, get all properties that we understand
import matplotlib.style
cleaned_style = {key: value for key, value in dict(matplotlib.style.library[style]).items() if
valid(value)}
style = translate(cleaned_style)
# totalstyle.update(cleaned_style)
else:
# otherwise assume it's a dict
pass
totalstyle = utils.dict_deep_update(totalstyle, style)
fig = gcf()
fig.style = totalstyle
[docs] @staticmethod
def axes_off():
"""Do not draw the axes"""
style.use({'axes': {'visible': False}})
[docs] @staticmethod
def axes_on():
"""Draw the axes"""
style.use({'axes': {'visible': True}})
[docs] @staticmethod
def box_off():
"""Do not draw the box around the visible volume"""
style.use({'box': {'visible': False}})
[docs] @staticmethod
def box_on():
"""Draw a box around the visible volume"""
style.use({'box': {'visible': True}})
[docs] @staticmethod
def background_color(color):
"""Sets the background color"""
style.use({'background-color': color})
for style_name, __ in ipv.styles.styles.items():
def closure(style_name=style_name):
def quick_set():
style.use(style_name)
setattr(style, 'set_style_' + style_name, staticmethod(quick_set))
closure()
@_docsubst
def plot_plane(where="back", texture=None):
"""Plots a plane at a particular location in the viewbox
:param str where: 'back', 'front', 'left', 'right', 'top', 'bottom'
:param texture: {texture}
:return: :any:`Mesh`
"""
fig = gcf()
xmin, xmax = fig.xlim
ymin, ymax = fig.ylim
zmin, zmax = fig.zlim
if where == "back":
x = [xmin, xmax, xmax, xmin]
y = [ymin, ymin, ymax, ymax]
z = [zmin, zmin, zmin, zmin]
if where == "front":
x = [xmin, xmax, xmax, xmin][::-1]
y = [ymin, ymin, ymax, ymax]
z = [zmax, zmax, zmax, zmax]
if where == "left":
x = [xmin, xmin, xmin, xmin]
y = [ymin, ymin, ymax, ymax]
z = [zmin, zmax, zmax, zmin]
if where == "right":
x = [xmax, xmax, xmax, xmax]
y = [ymin, ymin, ymax, ymax]
z = [zmin, zmax, zmax, zmin][::-1]
if where == "top":
x = [xmin, xmax, xmax, xmin]
y = [ymax, ymax, ymax, ymax]
z = [zmax, zmax, zmin, zmin]
if where == "bottom":
x = [xmax, xmin, xmin, xmax]
y = [ymin, ymin, ymin, ymin]
z = [zmin, zmin, zmax, zmax]
triangles = [(0, 1, 2), (0, 2, 3)]
u = v = None
if texture is not None:
u = [0., 1., 1., 0.]
v = [0., 0., 1., 1.]
mesh = plot_trisurf(x, y, z, triangles, texture=texture, u=u, v=v)
return mesh
[docs]def selector_default(output_widget=None):
fig = gcf()
if output_widget is None:
output_widget = ipywidgets.Output()
display(output_widget)
def lasso(data, other=None, fig=fig):
with output_widget:
if data['device'] and data['type'] == 'lasso':
import shapely.geometry
region = shapely.geometry.Polygon(data['device'])
@np.vectorize
def inside(x, y):
return region.contains(shapely.geometry.Point([x, y]))
if data['device'] and data['type'] == 'circle':
x1, y1 = data['device']['begin']
x2, y2 = data['device']['end']
dx = x2 - x1
dy = y2 - y1
r = (dx**2 + dy**2)**0.5
def inside(x, y):
return ((x-x1)**2 + (y-y1)**2) < r**2
if data['device'] and data['type'] == 'rectangle':
x1, y1 = data['device']['begin']
x2, y2 = data['device']['end']
x = [x1, x2]
y = [y1, y2]
xmin, xmax = min(x), max(x)
ymin, ymax = min(y), max(y)
def inside(x, y):
return (x > xmin) & (x < xmax) & (y > ymin) & (y < ymax)
def join(x, y, mode):
N = np.max(x) if x is not None else np.max(y)
N = max(N, np.max(y))
xmask = np.zeros(N+1, np.bool)
ymask = np.zeros(N+1, np.bool)
if x is not None:
xmask[x] = True
ymask[y] = True
if mode == "replace":
return np.where(ymask)
if mode == "and":
mask = xmask & ymask
return np.where(ymask if x is None else mask)
if mode == "or":
mask = xmask | ymask
return np.where(ymask if x is None else mask)
if mode == "subtract":
mask = xmask & ~ymask
return np.where(ymask if x is None else mask)
for scatter in fig.scatters:
x, y = fig.project(scatter.x, scatter.y, scatter.z)
mask = inside(x, y)
scatter.selected = join(scatter.selected, np.where(mask), fig.selection_mode)
fig.on_selection(lasso)
def _make_triangles_lines(shape, wrapx=False, wrapy=False):
"""Transform rectangular regular grid into triangles
:param x: {x2d}
:param y: {y2d}
:param z: {z2d}
:param bool wrapx: when True, the x direction is assumed to wrap, and polygons are drawn between the end end begin points
:param bool wrapy: simular for the y coordinate
:return: triangles and lines used to plot Mesh
"""
nx, ny = shape
mx = nx if wrapx else nx - 1
my = ny if wrapy else ny - 1
"""
create all pair of indices (i,j) of the rectangular grid
minus last row if wrapx = False => mx
minus last column if wrapy = False => my
| (0,0) ... (0,j) ... (0,my-1) |
| . . . . . |
| (i,0) ... (i,j) ... (i,my-1) |
| . . . . . |
|(mx-1,0) ... (mx-1,j) ... (mx-1,my-1) |
"""
i, j = np.mgrid[0:mx, 0:my]
"""
collapsed i and j in one dimensional array, row-major order
ex :
array([[0, 1, 2], => array([0, 1, 2, 3, *4*, 5])
[3, *4*, 5]])
if we want vertex 4 at (i=1,j=1) we must transform it in i*ny+j = 4
"""
i, j = np.ravel(i), np.ravel(j)
"""
Let's go for the triangles :
(i,j) - (i,j+1) -> y dir
(i+1,j) - (i+1,j+1)
|
v
x dir
in flatten coordinates:
i*ny+j - i*ny+j+1
(i+1)*ny+j - (i+1)*ny+j+1
"""
t1 = (i * ny + j,
(i + 1) % nx * ny + j,
(i + 1) % nx * ny + (j + 1) % ny)
t2 = (i * ny + j,
(i + 1) % nx * ny + (j + 1) % ny,
i * ny + (j + 1) % ny)
"""
%nx and %ny are used for wrapx and wrapy :
if (i+1)=nx => (i+1)%nx=0 => close mesh in x direction
if (j+1)=ny => (j+1)%ny=0 => close mesh in y direction
"""
nt = len(t1[0])
triangles = np.zeros((nt * 2, 3), dtype=np.uint32)
triangles[0::2, 0], triangles[0::2, 1], triangles[0::2, 2] = t1
triangles[1::2, 0], triangles[1::2, 1], triangles[1::2, 2] = t2
lines = np.zeros((nt * 4, 2), dtype=np.uint32)
lines[::4,0], lines[::4,1] = t1[:2]
lines[1::4,0], lines[1::4,1] = t1[0],t2[2]
lines[2::4,0], lines[2::4,1] = t2[2:0:-1]
lines[3::4,0], lines[3::4,1] = t1[1],t2[1]
return triangles, lines